nDo 60 veggie capsules 500 milligrams

nDo

Details

nDO

60 x 500 mg Capsules

Clinical Therapeutics

Primary Action

• Analgesic
• Anti-spasmodic
• Anti-coagulant
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-adhesive
• Anti-angiogenesis
• Anti-metastatic
• Anti-proliferative
• Antioxidant
• Immunomodulatory
• Promotes blood circulation

Primary Indications

• Endometriosis
• Dysmenorrhea
• Infertility

Signs / Symptoms

• Pain lower abdomen abdominal fullness / cramping lower back, pelvis, rectum, or vagina
• Dyspareunia
• Ovulation pain
• Painful passage of stools
• Menstrual abnormalities PMS
• Irregular menstruation, painful menstruation spotting
• Passage of clots
• Headache

Other Ingredients:Vegetable cellulose (hypromellose); Vegetable Stearic Acid; Microcrystalline Cellulose and Vegetable Magnesium Stearate.

Research

Endometriosis is a pelvic inflammatory process with altered immune surveillance in the local peritoneal microenvironment. A local inflammatory microenvironment will sustain the growth and maintenance of endometriosis through endometrial-peritoneal adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation. The inflammation process in endometriosis causes pelvic pain and infertility, two major symptoms of endometriosis.

nDo is an evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulation that has been shown to be effective in the management of Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea and reproductive diseases compromising female fertility. This formula targets multiple therapeutic pathways and provides powerful analgesic properties, reduces inflammation, promotes anti-angiogenic activity, and modulates the immune system.

NDo Regresses Endometriotic Lesions in a Rat Model," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Zhu G, Jiang C, Yan X, Zhao S, Xu D, Cao Y. 2018; 2018:1-7. doi:10.1155/2018/3927096

The current therapies for endometriosis are restricted by various side effects and treatment outcome has been less than satisfactory. nDo, a classic traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) prescription for dysmenorrhea, has been widely used in clinical practice by TCM doctors to relieve symptoms of endometriosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nDo on a rat model of endometriosis. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats with regular estrous cycles went through auto transplantation operation to establish endometriosis model. Then 38 rats with successful ectopic implants were randomized into two groups: vehicle- and nDo-treated groups. The latter were administered nDo through oral gavage for 4 weeks. By the end of the treatment period, the volume of the endometriotic lesions was measured, the histopathological properties of the ectopic endometrium were evaluated, and levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CD34, and hypoxia inducible factor- (HIF-) 1? in the ectopic endometrium were detected with immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, apoptosis was assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. In this study, NDo significantly reduced the size of ectopic lesions in rats with endometriosis, inhibited cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and reduced microvessel density and HIF-1? expression. It suggested that nDo could be an effective therapy for the treatment and prevention of endometriosis recurrence.

Effects and mechanisms of nDo decoction and its major bioactive component for Cold - Stagnation and Blood - Stasis primary dysmenorrhea rats.

Huang X, Su S, Duan JA, Sha X, Zhu KY, Guo J, Yu L, Liu P, Shang E, Qian D. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;186:234-243. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.067.

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medical sciences in clinical application. The Chinese herbal formula, nDo decoction is considered as an effective prescription for treating Cold - Stagnation and Blood - Stasis (CSBS) primary dysmenorrhea. The previous studies showed the nDo exhibited significant anti-inflammation and analgesic effect. In this present study, the metabolomics of CSBS primary dysmenorrhea diseased rats and the cytokine transcription in PHA stimulated-PBMC were investigated to explore the effects and mechanisms.

Aim of the study: Explore a valuable insight into the effects and mechanisms of nDo on Cold - Stagnation and Blood - Stasis primary dysmenorrhea rats.

Materials and methods: We established CSBS primary dysmenorrhea diseased rats according the clinical symptoms. A targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based metabolomic platform was used to evaluate the metabolic profiling changes and the intervention effects by nDo. The PBMC cell was adopted to explore the mechanisms by analysing the signalling pathway evaluated by expression of inflammatory cytokines, c-jun and c-fos and corresponding phosphorylation levels.

Results: Estradiol, oxytocin, progesterone, endothelin, ?-endorphin and PGF2? were restored back to the normal level after the treatment of nDo. Total twenty-five metabolites (10 in plasma and 15 in urine), up-regulated or down-regulated, were identified. These identified biomarkers underpinning the metabolic pathway including pentose and glucuronate interconversions, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism are disturbed in model rats. Among these metabolites, twenty one potential biomarkers were regulated after nDo treated. The compound of paeoniflorin, a major bioactive compound in nDo, was proved to regulate the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of IL-1?, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, TNF?, INF?, c-jun and c-fos in PHA stimulated-PBMC.

Conclusion: These findings indicated that nDo improved the metabolic profiling and biochemical indicators on CSBS primary dysmenorrhea rats. And the mechanisms were closely related with the regulation of the MAPK pathway by reduction in phosphorylated forms of the three MAPK (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK) and down regulation of c-jun and c-fos by paeoniflorin. The data could be provided the guidance for further research and new drug discovery.

Herbal medicine (nDo) for treating primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Lee H, Choi TY, Myung CS, Lee JA, Lee MS. Maturitas. 2016;86:64-73. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.012.

Abstract

nDo decoction a traditional herbal formula, is used as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. We searched four English, seven Korean, three Chinese, and one Japanese database from inception through January 2016 without a language restriction. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nDo or modified nDO were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 51 potentially relevant studies were identified, and 9 RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Seven RCTs tested the effects of nDO or modified nDo in treating dysmenorrhea. Three RCTs showed superior effects of nDo on the response rate, while the other three RCTs failed to do so (n=531, RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.26, P0.0001, I(2)=0%). Three RCTs showed favorable effects of nDo for pain reduction compared with conventional drugs (n=340, SMD: -1.39, 95% CI: -2.23 to -0.55, P=0.01). Two RCTs examined the effects of modified nDo plus conventional drugs and conventional drugs alone. The meta-analysis showed favorable effects of nDo (n=206; RR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.36; P=0.0009, I(2)=0%). Our systemic review and meta-analysis provide suggestive evidence of the superiority of nDo over conventional drugs for treating primary dysmenorrhea. However, the level of evidence is low because of a high risk of bias.

Daidzein-rich isoflavone aglycones inhibit cell growth and inflammation in endometriosis.

Takaoka O, Mori T, Ito F1, Okimura H, et al. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018 Jul;181:125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.004.

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease, and isoflavones interact with estrogen receptors. The purposes of this study are to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of daidzein-rich isoflavone aglycones (DRIAs), dietary supplements, on cellular proliferation in endometriosis. Stromal cells isolated from ovarian endometrioma (OESCs) and normal endometrium (NESCs) were cultured with DRIAs, i.e., each of the DRIA components (daidzein, genistein, or glycitein), or isoflavone glycosides (IG; DRIA precursors). A mouse model of endometriosis was established by transplanting donor-mouse uterine fragments into recipient mice. Our results showed that DRIAs (0.2-20??M) inhibited the proliferation of OESCs (P?0.05 for 0.2??M; P?0.01 for 2 and 20??M) but not of NESCs. However, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and IG did not inhibit their proliferation. DRIA-induced suppression was reversed by inhibition of the estrogen receptor (ER)? by an antagonist, PHTPP, or by ER? siRNA (P?0.05), but not by MPP, an ER? antagonist. In OESCs, DRIAs led to reduced expression of IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and aromatase, as well as reduced aromatase activity, serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase levels, and PGE2 levels (P?0.05). Western blot and immunofluorescence assays revealed that DRIAs inhibited TNF-?-induced I?B phosphorylation and p65 uptake into the nuclei of OESCs. In the mouse model, a DRIA-containing feed significantly decreased the number, weight, and Ki-67 proliferative activity of endometriosis-like lesions compared to in mice fed with an IG-containing feed and the control feed (P?0.01). In conclusion, DRIAs inhibit cellular proliferation in endometriosis, thus representing a potential therapeutic option for the management of endometriosis.

Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment

Vercellini P, Viganò P, Somigliana E & Fedele L. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2013;10(2014): 261-275. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.255

Abstract

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-type mucosa outside the uterine cavity. Of the proposed pathogenic theories (retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia and Müllerian remnants), none explain all the different types of endometriosis. According to the most convincing model, the retrograde menstruation hypothesis, endometrial fragments reaching the pelvis via transtubal retrograde flow, implant onto the peritoneum and abdominal organs, proliferate and cause chronic inflammation with formation of adhesions. The number and amount of menstrual flows together with genetic and environmental factors determines the degree of phenotypic expression of the disease. Endometriosis is estrogen-dependent, manifests during reproductive years and is associated with pain and infertility. Dysmenorrhoea, deep dyspareunia, dyschezia and dysuria are the most frequently reported symptoms. Standard diagnosis is carried out by direct visualization and histologic examination of lesions. Pain can be treated by excising peritoneal implants, deep nodules and ovarian cysts, or inducing lesion suppression by abolishing ovulation and menstruation through hormonal manipulation with progestins, oral contraceptives and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Medical therapy is symptomatic, not cytoreductive; surgery is associated with high recurrence rates. Although lesion eradication is considered a fertility-enhancing procedure, the benefit on reproductive performance is moderate. Assisted reproductive technologies constitute a valid alternative. Endometriosis is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, but preventive interventions are feasible.

Hypothesis of active components in volatile oil from a Chinese herb formulation, 'nDo', using GC-MS and chemometrics

Su S, Hua Y, Duan JA, Shang E, Tang Y, Bao X, Lu Y, Ding A. J Sep Sci. 2008;31(6-7):1085-91. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200700492.

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with few or no side effects has increasingly attracted attention all over the world. However, the bioactive components and the therapeutic mechanisms are usually not understood because of the complex chemical compositions of these medicines. In this paper, GC-MS coupled with a chemometric method was developed for analysis of active components in volatile oil from a Chinese herb formulation, "nDo". The volatile oils, obtained by hydrodistillation from "nDo" and its constituent herbs with abundant volatile oil (Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Cinnamomum cassia, Foeniculum vulgare, Zingiber officinale), were chemically analyzed using GC-MS and bioassayed using oxytocin-induced uterine contraction assay in vitro. Then, a mathematic model relating the chemical compositions and their activities in inhibiting mice uterine contraction was established for hypothesis of the bioactive compounds based on chemometrics. As a result, nine compounds which might contribute to the inhibition of oxytocin-induced uterine contraction were selected, and the activities of some of them were further confirmed by our experiments and/or the literature. The data suggest that the developed method is helpful for screening bioactive components from complex mixtures, such as the extracts of TCM.

Suggested Use:

Adult Dosage: 3 capsules twice day.

If severe: 3 capsules 3 times a day for 6 weeks then reduce to 2 twice daily for another 6 weeks.

Contraindications

Contraindicated during pregnancy

Not recommended for use if there is excessive / heavy menstruation bleeding

Not recommended with anti-coagulant therapy

DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, soy, milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts